Classification of Tourism
There are different criteria of classification of tourism. These criteria as based on the purpose, place, nature, distance or visit etc. Hereunder, we discuss these aspects, vary briefly.
On the basis of purpose Tourism has been classified in following classes:
Recreational Tourism: This is where mass and popular package tours seek mainly sun-sea-sand and fresh air or sporting activities of various kinds. These groups are mainly seeking a change and rest.
Cultural Tourism: Here the aim is to experience new cultural activities i.e., folklore, art, music etc.
Historical/Heritage Tourism: This involves visit to heritage locations, museums, churches, temples etc.
Ethnic Tourism: This involves contact with unusual or old-fashioned customs in remote areas, visiting the families’ country of origin and relatives and friends.
Environmental Tourism: The higher income groups in particular area is interested in visiting remote environment.
Adventure Tourism: This is geared to promote mountaineering, trekking, skiing, river rafting, gliding and other adventure activities.
Business Tourism: When tourism is done based on business purpose in mind.
Wellness / Health Tourism: When tourism is done to recover health in areas, like sea beaches, mountain resorts, hot springs etc.
Medical Tourism: Travelling to another country or region to receive medical treatment or procedures, often at a lower cost or with better facilities. India is now the leading destination for medical tourism for its global clients. Surrogacy is a part of medical tourism where foreign clients come to India to rent mothers wombs for their child, which is called surrogacy and it is a popular business right now in India.
Wildlife Tourism: Travel for enjoying the fascinating beauty and abode of wildlife.
Educational Tourism: Tourism may also be developed on basis of meetings, conference, congress of symposia. Extension of University, academic centers and colleges may provide opportunities.
Agro/Rural tourism: Agro Tourism contains, for example, the construction of tourists’ accommodations and facilities at farmers’ places, besides; tourists may watch the processing of farm products. Visiting rural areas to experience and participate in agricultural activities, local culture, and a more traditional way of life.
MICE Tourism: Meeting Incentive Conference and Exhibition tourism. Travelling for business-related events, conferences, and exhibitions, often with the goal of networking and professional development.
On the basis of scale Tourism can be classified in two categories:
Domestic Tourism: The travel by people, outside their normal domicile, in other areas within their own country.
International Tourism: This involves the movement of people between different countries in the world.
On the basis of ecological sustainability Tourism may of two kinds:
Mass Tourism: Where general people involve without proper attention on eco-conservation.
Eco-Tourism: Tourism that develops and considers the conservation of natural, cultural and historical resources.
Sustainable Tourism: Sustainable tourism refers to an approach to travel and tourism that seeks to minimise the negative impact on the environment, culture, and communities, while maximising the benefits for both the travellers and the destinations. The goal of sustainable tourism is to ensure that tourism activities contribute to the well-being of local communities, preserve natural and cultural resources, and promote long-term environmental and social sustainability.
On the basis of involvement of local people in tourism activity:
Induced Tourism: Where tourists’ services are provided by outsiders, no involvement of local people.
Organic Tourism: Where local people actively participate in tourism activity.
Other types of Tourism are:
Urban Tourism: urban areas act as tourism destinations, attracting domestic as well as international visitors. Tourists visit urban areas for various reasons- night life and entertainment, enjoying historical and cultural attractions, attending major sports events, for shopping etc.
Dark Tourism: Visiting sites associated with tragedy, death, or disaster, like the Hiroshima Peace Memorial or the Auschwitz concentration camp.
Grave Tourism: visiting the sites of graveyards of ancestors by the successors is also a form of tourism mainly in colonial countries like India, where many graves are there of European officers and civilians.
Cruise Tourism: Travelling in a cruise ship along the river or coastline, visiting a number of places is a popular form of recreational mass tourism all over the world. Cruise tourism in the river Ganga is a popular form of tourism in Eastern India.
Space tourism: Taking a trip to space for recreational, leisure, or adventure purposes, as the space tourism industry develops.
Ocean Tourism: taking a trip to the deep Ocean for adventure and recreational purposes.
Gastronomic/ Food tourism: Travelling to explore and experience different cuisines and food cultures, such as taking a culinary tour in Italy. Tourism in Bangladesh based on Hilsa along the Padma river is an example.
Second homes: mainly in developed countries for people living in cities, a rural home is used at the weekend as a complement to city apartment.
Film Tourism: Visiting locations that were featured in movies or TV shows, such as fans travelling to New Zealand to see the filming locations of "The Lord of the Rings”, or to see “Ramuji film city” film Baahubali was filmed.
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